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كهيت انف ىُ انج يًهت يفرداث ي هُج ان اًدة : Elements of Art
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الأول
Elements of Art as an alphabet of Art expression. Elements are the building blocks of art structure.
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Color phenomena. Color is the subjective interpretation by the human central nervous system of sensation promoted in the eye by the reception of radiation of waveband 380 - 760 nanometers approximately, which identifies the visible solar spectrum,
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Color sensation. Color sensation is accomplished by a complex optical system in which patterns of light are initially focused by a single lens mechanism on the retina of the eye.
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Color perception. In everyday experience the color of an object appear is not necessarily depending on the color of light which illuminates it.
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Color appeal. the color associations indications symbolizations
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The structure of color. White light is a mixture of all spectral colors, can be separated into it s components by directing it to pass through a glass prism.
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The measurement of pigment. HUE is the name of the color. Chroma: the degree of intensity, strength, saturation or purity of color. Value: Brightness or luminosity.
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Value scale. The value of any color is determined by comparing it with the grays of the value scale.
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Oswald s color wheel. Oswald s color wheel consists of sequence of 24 hues divided into 8 groups of 3 . Named yellow, orange, red, purple, blue, turquoise, seagreen, and leafgreen.
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Complementary color. Complementary color: complement is true contrasting color or minus-color which by additive or subtractive mixture with a given color
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Mansell color solid. The color wheel has proved an admirable solution to the problem of representing the sequence graphically. But hue is only one of three distinct ways in which the character of colored stimulus can vary. In order to
relate hue to lightness (value) and saturation (chroma) Runge devised an arrangement in which the color wheel forms the equatorial ring of color sphere
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CIE system. the CIE system has attained international recognition as being probably the most precise and flexible computerize system . The three dimensional system of color has been computerized.
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Point.The point that Artist selects which has shape,circle or square wide or narrow and so on .
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Direction.All lines have directions horizontal ,vertical or oblique.each direction has a distinct and different effect upon the observer.
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Line With line it is possible to synopsize the character and quality of forms with simplicity.
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Exam
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Shape.is a series of lines of different directions defines shape which it is two dimensions.
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Form.Is three dimensional pattern such as sphere cube e t c .
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Size.Is an overall dimensions or the differ in size or measure.
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Texture. it is generally accepted by psychologists that all complex cutaneous, such as itch, burn, stickiness wetness tens and dryness roughness and smoothness are due to arousal of two or more of the skin senses.
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The principles of Art.
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Repetition. in the visual arts concerns but one dimension, which is space that is the only difference between identical units is their position in space.
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Rhythm. mean s measured, proportioned intervals .It is the term used to specify unites combination and intervals between them
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Harmony. Is the combination of units which are similar in one or more respects .Harmony is a medium interval or difference in one or more dimensions.
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Gradation. is a sequence in which the contrasting extremes are bridged by a series of similar or harmonious steps. Gradation is clearly illustrated by the value scale in which black and white the contrasting extremes are connected by continuous sequence of Grays are similar or harmonious
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Contrast, Apposition life consists of things and the difference between things. By contrast oppositions are intensified and derive their meaning.
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Dominance. Unity demands that the conflict or tension between competing visual attractions be resolved and integrated by
dominance. This integration is effected by subordinating the competing visual forces to an idea or plan of orderly arrangement.
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Balance. is equilibrium of opposing forces. There are two types of balance- formal and informal. Formal balance is the balancing on opposite sides of on axis of one or more elements by identical or very similar elements. Formal balance is often exactly . Golden section: The most satisfactory division of line is one that creates those two fundamental attributes of all fine design or painting,
unity and Verity. A division of line according to the golden mean as in diagram below produces this desired result as follows
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Unity. is the cohesion , consistency , oneness or integrity that is the prime essential of composition. In fine Arts unity IS axiomatic therefore a certain amount of unity is inevitable even in the most chaotic painting or drawing
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Exam
COLOR PERCEPTION
One may sense pattern of color one does not as a rule perceive patterns of color .one recognizes objects.
In everyday experience the color of an object appear is not necessarily depending on the color of light which illuminates it. For example, when illumination is weak or colored the mind may ignore the colors which actually present themselves for viewing and notice nothing remarkable in the appearance of the objects seen .This response to visual stimuli is due to an aspect of color constancy in which colors are perceived not as they are ,but rather as one may anticipate or expect them to be .The effect appears to drive from an awareness on the part of observer that the object is separate entity from the light which falls on to it .
Color constancy may be a mechanistic response stemming from inborn perceptual functions, but experience and memory seem also to play part. But suppose we have fruit or vegetable so no matter how familiar one is with their appearance, when fresh, the appetite will diminish or even vanish if fresh fruit and vegetable are served in blue, violet light or colored black. Here the mind seems unwilling to ignore the unnatural appearance of objects seen .
So seeing can be said to be accomplished by a combination of acute sensing in the eye and correct perceiving in the mind so the student should acknowledge a distinction between the objective nature of sensation and the subjective nature of perception.
To separate objects from their standard color associations Monet told his pupils: Try to forget what objects you have before you…a tree, a house, a field or whatever. Merely think here is a little square of blue, here an oblong of pink, here a streak of yellow and paint it just as it looks to you. The exact color and shape, until it gives you your own naïve impression of the scene before you.
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